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西藏奇兒阿素犬(tibetan kyiapso)繁育標準內地獒友貝兒翻譯

奇兒阿素犬(發音keeop-so)是起源於西藏kailash神山附近一種古老原始的品種。它名字中的“kyi”意思是“apso”意思是身有長毛覆蓋,這種犬能發出發自胸腔的,醒目的吠聲。外形特點是:腿長,骨架中等,軀體肌肉塊密集但不過分強壯。奇兒阿素犬以有一張遍佈長毛的臉以及雙層身上的長護毛而著稱。同時,奇兒阿素犬的步態為搖擺有彈性的小跑,十分有特點。

性情

奇兒阿素犬在西藏通常被用來看護家園和喇嘛的修道院,以及保護羊群。它們發出吠叫和向敵人發出進攻威脅來完成任務。雖然奇兒阿素犬只是中等體形的犬,但是它們特有的發自胸腔的,醒目的吠聲;以及雙層厚重的體毛,令它們看起來十分可怕。
由於性情十分兇悍,所以在沒有馴養者在場並同意的情況下,陌生人以及其他陌生的犬類是不應該靠近的。
奇兒阿素犬精力十分旺盛,愛好奔跑及活動。它動作異常敏捷並能夠快速啟動。它蹦緊的後腿及臀部看來有助於它做特別的轉彎動作。由於精力充沛,所以如果長期的限制他們的行動會讓他們變得十分有破壞性。在他們不用上班的時候,他們通常是比較老實和成熟的。

頭臉

由於頭部被不尋常的長毛覆蓋,所以奇兒阿素犬的頭看起來要比實際的大一些。從比例上看,奇兒阿素犬頭部的寬度至少是耳朵到嘴巴寬度的兩又四分之一倍。從頭骨的底部到鼻子的前端的中間有一個明顯但不生硬的隔斷。奇兒阿素犬的耳朵是下垂的,呈v字形,耳朵的長度與頭骨的寬度是一樣的,而耳朵的位置和眼睛的位置是成一條線的。
頭骨的頂部是平的,在其上有一根明顯的枕骨,尤其在完全發育成熟前(五歲才完全成熟)這根枕骨十分明顯。眼長在頭骨的外部,鼻口是被緊緊包圍在骨架之外的,加上口鼻上面的長鬍鬚,口鼻顯得比實際的大小要飽滿很多。奇兒阿素犬的上頜和下頜都不是下垂的。唇及鼻都是全黑色,眼睛為深琥珀色(或棕色)的杏仁狀。
不合格的奇兒阿素犬的頭臉特徵:下垂的嘴唇;眼睛、嘴唇、或鼻子顏色過淺;頭的寬度超出了口部寬度的兩倍半。

咬合

強壯、堅固的牙齒、平和闊的嘴。四顆犬牙向嘴的後部彎曲後部,四顆犬牙之間的前牙帶有細微的鋸齒。據瞭解,奇兒阿素犬在成年後如因受傷牙齒脫落了,可以長出新牙,以替換掉成牙。然而,成長出來的牙會有可能是深色或者黑色,這不應該被認為是一種缺陷。奇兒阿素犬的下顎突出或上顎突出是一種缺陷。由於自然因素,這種犬種缺少犬齒並不是一種不純的表現。

頸部和身體

奇兒阿素犬的身體外觀顯得協調性很好。從整體比例上看,他們的身體看上去會比實際顯長。從前胸到後臀的長度一般比壓肩高長出百分之十。奇兒阿素犬的背線是水準的,胸部結實但是不深,胸深達不到前腿的肘部。腰部很緊且有張力,能看出來比胸部要窄。
尾巴是上揚的,放鬆的時候下放到足部腳關節處。上揚的時候尾部的毛會彎曲超過一個完整的卷,通常一個半卷是最好的。
奇兒阿素犬的頸部有肌肉,寬厚且強壯。頭頸的長度通常比頭的寬度長百分之二十。頸部的毛一直垂到前胸。當奇兒阿素犬警惕的時候,頸毛會蓬起來。
不合格的奇兒阿素犬:尾巴不向上彎曲。

前半身

奇兒阿素犬的前半身是寬且有力的。肩膀的位置貼近身體,骨架結構不應該太過沉重。腿部一直到腳掌都是直的。從腳掌到肘關節的距離一定要超過從腳掌到肩部的距離的一半,但一定不能超過百分之60。殘留趾退化的足趾是最好存在的但不是標準。腳掌應該是厚實的,堅硬的,豐滿的,緊密的。

後半身

後腿及臀部的肌肉十分強壯,是奇兒阿素犬快速啟動的力量源泉,但是不能過於強壯或者骨骼粗糙。從後面看奇兒阿素犬,後腿是罕見的接近,從臀部到跗關節有輕微的彎曲,但不能太厲害。在跗關節以下,腿部應該是豎直或者微微向外傾斜的。爪子應該是圓形的豐滿的,腳趾為強壯的弓形。

毛髮

雖說奇兒阿素犬的毛長怎麼也比不上拉薩犬或者西藏梗犬,但成年的奇兒阿素犬也有3 -6英寸的長毛。奇兒阿素犬必須擁有抗惡劣氣候的雙層毛。在冬天及寒冷天氣時,外面那層毛是長的,飽滿的以及堅硬的;裏面那層毛是柔軟但是濃厚的。毛長和毛量隨著季節和地理位置的不同而不同。因為季節緣故而脫毛是不應該在比賽扣分的。前腿前方和後腿後部的毛要比周圍的毛要更長更厚。除非是健康需要,奇兒阿素犬是不允許清剪毛發的,所謂健康需要指的是清理耳朵內部的毛和腳趾間的毛。
奇兒阿素犬臉上和口鼻處的毛必須是極豐厚的,這也是他與眾不同的長鬍子外觀。奇兒阿素犬的任何毛色都是承認的,最常見的有:黑褐色搭配的,黑金色搭配的,純黑帶有白色胸毛的,以及黑灰色搭配的。超過兩種顏色的毛色同樣也是可以接受的。在西藏發現過黃色,白色,紅褐色,以及巧克力色的奇兒阿素犬,他們同樣被承認。
幼犬的毛髮相對成犬來說會更短,且更軟。
不合格的奇兒阿素犬:任何人工的,而不是自然成長的毛髮。

步態

奇兒阿素犬的動作呈現明顯有彈性的小跑,同時背線上下移動。移動時前後腿都會很好的伸展開。奇兒阿素犬的步態必須是穩當的,平衡的。在跑開了以後速度相當快且敏捷,這個特性在西藏是必需的,因為那裏的狗必須自己為自己覓食。
不合格的奇兒阿素犬:動作笨拙且不夠平穩

大小

在所有特徵中,大小是最能區分在奇兒阿素犬和西方的奇兒阿素犬的。現在改善了的營養導致了西方的犬比西藏地區的犬要遠遠的大。因此,直到下幾代奇兒阿素犬繁育出來以後,繁育大小穩定以後大小的標準才能真正定下來。通常公犬是比母犬大的,但是西方繁育的母犬卻比西藏引進的公犬要大。高於28英寸重逾100鎊的奇兒阿素犬是不受歡迎的。
奇兒阿素犬是一種運動型犬,因此,超重是不應該的。
不合格的奇兒阿素犬:過瘦或過胖(肥胖的定義是不能輕易的感到背骨)


 


tibetan kyiapso club
breed standard


  the tibetan kyiapso (pronounced keeop-so) is an ancient breed that originated  in tibet , apparently near the sacred   mount kailash . the kyi (dog) apso (bearded or hairy) has a deep, sonorous  bark. it has long  legs, medium bones, and a dense but not overly muscled body. the kyiapso is known by its characteristically bearded face and its double coat with long guard hairs.the kyiapso gaitis a distinctive rolling, bouncy trot.
 temperament
 kyiapsos have traditionally been used as guardians of homes, monasteries and flocks.theyperform their duties by barking and threatening. the deep-throated, sonorous bark, along with the double coat, make these otherwise medium-sized dogs seem formidable.
 because kyiapsos are so territorial, they should not be approached suddenly by either human or canine strangers without the consent of the handler.
 the kyiapso is an energeticdog that enjoys running and activity. it has exceptional agility and fast start capability. the tight-hocked hindquarters seem to assist in its ability tomake extraordinary turns. because of his energy, the dog may become destructiveif confined alone for extended periods. in his "off-duty"mode, the kyiapso is generally very laid back and mellow.
 the head
 because of the unusual facial hair, the kyiapso's head appears to be larger than it really is. in proportion, the base of the head is at least two and aquarter times as wide between the ears as the muzzle. the stop comes midway between the base of the skull and the front of the nose. the stop is marked, but not abrupt. ears are pendant, v-shaped, and as long as the skull's width, with placement at eye level.
the skull crown is flat with a marked occipital crest, especially prior to full physicalmaturity (which comes after five years). eyes are set at the outside of the skull. the muzzle is tightly formed around the bone structure, withthe "beard" suggesting a fuller muzzle. neither upper nor lower jaw is pendant. lips and nose are both completely black. eyes are a deep amber (or brown) color with an almond shape.
disqualifications: pendant lips; light pigment in the eyes, lips or nose; head width exceeding two and a half times the muzzle width.
bite
 strong, well-set, developed teeth, level bite. the four canines are more curvedtoward the back of the mouth. the front teeth between the canines are slightlyserrated. kyiapsos have been known to grow replacement teethafter their adult teeth have been lost due to injury; however, they grow in dark or black and should not be considered a fault. an undershot or overshot jaw is a fault. loss of canines in this breed is not a disqualification,due to the nature of the dog.
 neck and body
 the body is well-balanced in appearance. in overall proportions, kyiapsos appear to be longer than they usually measure out to be. the length from chest front to back of the hindquarters is generally 10 percent greater than the height at the shoulders. the topline is level. the brisket does not reach the elbows. the chest is compact but not deep. loins are tight andpulled in to be noticeably narrower than the chest with a tuck.
 the tail is set high. when relaxed, it reaches below the hocks. it is carried in a forward plume of more than a full curl over one hip. a curl and a halfis preferred.
neck is muscular,broad and strong. its length is 20 percent longer than the head width.it flows without interruption into the chest and head. when the dog is at attention,the neck shows a crest.
disqualifications: uncurled tail.
forequarters
 forequarters are broad and powerful. shoulders should lie close to the body. bone structure is not heavy. legs are straight down to the pasterns. length of leg from foot to elbow must exceed half of the distance to withers, but must notexceed 60 percent. dew claws are desired but not required. pads are thickand tough, round and compact.
 hindquarters
hindquarters are well-muscled,to provide strength for quick bursts of speed, but are not massive or coarse-boned. when seen from the rear, hindquarters are uncommonly close, appear slightly bowed from crotch to hock, butshould not be cow-hocked.below the hocks, legs may be straight to gentlyslanted out. paws are round and compact, with strongly arched toes.
coat
 the mature kyiapso has a long coat (from 3-6 inches), although never approaching the length of the lhasa apso or tibetan terrier coats. kyiapsos must have aweather-resistant double coat. during winter or in cold climates, the outercoat is long, full and firm in texture; the undercoat is soft and dense.coat length and amount vary with the season and geographic region. dogswith reduced coats due to climate should not be penalized. coat on thefront of the forelegs and rear of the metatarsus may be noticeably thickerand longer than the surrounding coat. trimming of the dog's hair is not allowed except for health purposes, e.g., removal of excess hair from the inside of the ears and between the pads of the paws.
 coat on the face and muzzle must be profuse, giving the distinctive "bearded" appearance. any coat color is permitted; black and tan, black and gold,black with a white chest spot, and black and silver are the most commoncolorings. multi-colored coats (more than two colors) are also acceptable.in tibet , golden, white, mahogany andchocolate are also found and are equally acceptable.
 a puppy's coat tends to be shorter and has a softer texture than that ofthe mature dog.
disqualifications: sprays, special clips, shaving, or any artificialaltering of the natural grooming.
 gait
 the kyiapso in motion shows a trot with a marked bounce, with the topline showing up and down movement. there is good extension of both fore and hind legs. the kyiapso must be sure-footed and balanced. the dog has exceptional speed and agility in an open run, characteristics necessary in tibet , where the dog hunts much of its own food.
disqualifications: awkwardness of movement or lack of surefootedness.
 size
 of all its characteristics, size is the most variable between tibetan and western-born dogs. improved nutrition is now resulting in dogs far larger than thoseseen in tibet . therefore, until the genetically-driven (as opposed to nutritionally-driven) size parameters stabilize over the next several generations, size standards are intentionally nebulous. dogs are generally larger than *****es, but western-bred *****es may be larger than imported dogs. dogs larger than 28 inches and heavier than 100 pounds are not desired.
 the kyiapso is traditionally an athletic dog and excess weight is definitely not part of that tradition.
disqualifications: emaciation or obesity (obesity defined as unable to easily feel the backbone).



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